A&P Unit 8  HEART AND LUNGS

I. HEART ANATOMY (pgs. 554-572)
General description: (summarize first paragraph)

A. Approximate size and location-



B. Discusss the apex and apical heartbeat-



C. Coverings of the heart: (pg. 555)



1) Pericardium (pericardinal sac)-



2) Layers of the Pericardium:

     a) Fibrous Pericardium-



     b) Visceral Pericardium-



     c) Parietal Pericardium-



     d) Pericardial Cavity and Fluid-



3) Wall of the Heart (discuss structures and functions) (pg. 556)

     a) Epicardium (visceral pericardium)-



     b) Myocardium-



     c) Endocardium-



4) Interatrial and intrventricular septum (wait till lecture)-



     a) Atria (discuss)-



     b) Ventricle (discuss)-



     c) Right half (wait till lecture)-



     d) Left half (wait till lecture)-



5) Pathway of blood through heart (pg. 558) (discuss each)

     a) Right atrium-



       3 vessels-



       Tricuspid Valve-



       Chordae Tendineae-



       Papillary Muscles-



     b) Right ventricle-



       Pulmonary Trunk-



       Pulmonary Semilunar Valve-



     c) Left atrium-



        Pulmonary Veins-



        Bicuspid or Mitral Valve-



        Chordae Tendinae-



     d) Left ventricle-



        Aorta-



        Aortic Semilunar Valve-



II. PATH OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART:

A. Systemic Circulation (pgs. 561-562)-





B. Coronary Circulation (pgs. 562-563)-





C. Fetal Circulation (pgs. 912-913)-



            *Umbilical Vein



         *Ductus Venosus to I.V.C.



              Right Atrium



*Foramen Ovale           Right Ventricle



Left Atrium              Pulmonary Artery



Left Ventricle           *Ductus Arteriosus



                  Aorta



      To body or *Umbilical Arteries



Define:

Angina pectoris-



Myocardial Infarcation-



Angioplasty-



Cardiac Cycle (pg. 565-566):



     Systole-



     Diastole-


     If the average heartrate = 75/min. then how long is each beat?

     60 seconds divided by 75 =


          ATRIA                            VENTRICLE

Contract         RELAX              Systole          Diastole

.1 sec.          .7 sec.             .3 sec.        .5 sec.
(Systole)        (Diastole)



Diagram-Conduction System of Heart:
(Draw and label fig. 15-19)










Cardiac Condition System of the Heart (pg. 568-570) 


A. Consists of 4 structures:

     a) Sinoatrial

     b) Atrioventricular

     c) A-V bundle (bundle of his)

     d) Purkinje Fibers



1) Sinoatrial Node-



2) Atrioventricular Node-



3) A-V Bundle-



4) Purkinje Fibers-



B. Pathway:







C. Regulating Conduction System:



1) Autonomic Nerves from Medulla Oblongata-



2) Hormones-



     Electrocardiogram (ECG) (pg. 570-571)



     P=



     QRS=



     T=



     Arrhythmias-



     Fibrillation-



     Pacemaker-



Explain why atrial fibrilltion will not cause immediate death but ventricular 
fibrillation will?




Unit 8 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM

Main function (summarize the first paragraph) (pg. 739)






Why we breathe (explain in your own words)





Organs of the Respiratory System:
(discuss each in detail) (pg. 740)

1) Nose-



2) Nasal Cavity-



3) Nasal Septum-



4) Nasal Conchae (Turbinate bones)-



5) Lacrimal Duct (wait till lecture)-



Advantages to Breathing through Nose:

     a)



     b)



     c)



     d)


Sinuses (discuss in detail) (pg. 741)-




2) Pharynx (discuss in detail) (pg. 741)-


     Nasopharynx-


     Oropharynx-


     Laryngopharynx-


3) Larynx (discuss first paragraph) (pg. 742)-



     Structure (discuss second paragraph) (pg. 742)-



     Thyroid Cartilage (discuss)-



     False Vocal Cords (discuss)-



     True Vocal Cords (discuss)-



     Pitch (discuss)-



     Intensity (discuss)-



     Glottis (discuss) (pg. 744)-



4) Trachea (discuss first paragraph)-





     Structure (discuss second and third paragraph)-





5) Bronchial Tree (discuss first paragraph)-





     Draw & label fig. 19.8









6) Lungs (discuss pg. 750)-



     Hilus (discuss)-



     Visceral Pleura (discuss)-



     Parietal Pleura (discuss)-



     Pleural Cavity & Serous Fluid (discuss)-



     Discuss the difference between the right and left lung (pg. 751)-



     Surface Area (wait till lecture)-



     Bronchioles (wait till lecture)-



     Surfactant (wait till lecture)-



     Blood Supply (wait till lecture)-



       Pulmonary Artery and Veins-



       Bronchial Artery and Veins-



     Breathing Mechanism (wait till lecture)-



       Atmosphere Pressure-



       Inspiration vs. Expiration-



       Inhale-



       Exhale-



     Control of Breathing:



       Respiratory Center-



       Amount of Co2 in Blood-



       Normal Rhythm-