A&P Unit 8 HEART AND LUNGS I. HEART ANATOMY (pgs. 554-572) General description: (summarize first paragraph) A. Approximate size and location- B. Discusss the apex and apical heartbeat- C. Coverings of the heart: (pg. 555) 1) Pericardium (pericardinal sac)- 2) Layers of the Pericardium: a) Fibrous Pericardium- b) Visceral Pericardium- c) Parietal Pericardium- d) Pericardial Cavity and Fluid- 3) Wall of the Heart (discuss structures and functions) (pg. 556) a) Epicardium (visceral pericardium)- b) Myocardium- c) Endocardium- 4) Interatrial and intrventricular septum (wait till lecture)- a) Atria (discuss)- b) Ventricle (discuss)- c) Right half (wait till lecture)- d) Left half (wait till lecture)- 5) Pathway of blood through heart (pg. 558) (discuss each) a) Right atrium- 3 vessels- Tricuspid Valve- Chordae Tendineae- Papillary Muscles- b) Right ventricle- Pulmonary Trunk- Pulmonary Semilunar Valve- c) Left atrium- Pulmonary Veins- Bicuspid or Mitral Valve- Chordae Tendinae- d) Left ventricle- Aorta- Aortic Semilunar Valve- II. PATH OF BLOOD THROUGH THE HEART: A. Systemic Circulation (pgs. 561-562)- B. Coronary Circulation (pgs. 562-563)- C. Fetal Circulation (pgs. 912-913)- *Umbilical Vein *Ductus Venosus to I.V.C. Right Atrium *Foramen Ovale Right Ventricle Left Atrium Pulmonary Artery Left Ventricle *Ductus Arteriosus Aorta To body or *Umbilical Arteries Define: Angina pectoris- Myocardial Infarcation- Angioplasty- Cardiac Cycle (pg. 565-566): Systole- Diastole- If the average heartrate = 75/min. then how long is each beat? 60 seconds divided by 75 = ATRIA VENTRICLE Contract RELAX Systole Diastole .1 sec. .7 sec. .3 sec. .5 sec. (Systole) (Diastole) Diagram-Conduction System of Heart: (Draw and label fig. 15-19) Cardiac Condition System of the Heart (pg. 568-570) A. Consists of 4 structures: a) Sinoatrial b) Atrioventricular c) A-V bundle (bundle of his) d) Purkinje Fibers 1) Sinoatrial Node- 2) Atrioventricular Node- 3) A-V Bundle- 4) Purkinje Fibers- B. Pathway: C. Regulating Conduction System: 1) Autonomic Nerves from Medulla Oblongata- 2) Hormones- Electrocardiogram (ECG) (pg. 570-571) P= QRS= T= Arrhythmias- Fibrillation- Pacemaker- Explain why atrial fibrilltion will not cause immediate death but ventricular fibrillation will? Unit 8 RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Main function (summarize the first paragraph) (pg. 739) Why we breathe (explain in your own words) Organs of the Respiratory System: (discuss each in detail) (pg. 740) 1) Nose- 2) Nasal Cavity- 3) Nasal Septum- 4) Nasal Conchae (Turbinate bones)- 5) Lacrimal Duct (wait till lecture)- Advantages to Breathing through Nose: a) b) c) d) Sinuses (discuss in detail) (pg. 741)- 2) Pharynx (discuss in detail) (pg. 741)- Nasopharynx- Oropharynx- Laryngopharynx- 3) Larynx (discuss first paragraph) (pg. 742)- Structure (discuss second paragraph) (pg. 742)- Thyroid Cartilage (discuss)- False Vocal Cords (discuss)- True Vocal Cords (discuss)- Pitch (discuss)- Intensity (discuss)- Glottis (discuss) (pg. 744)- 4) Trachea (discuss first paragraph)- Structure (discuss second and third paragraph)- 5) Bronchial Tree (discuss first paragraph)- Draw & label fig. 19.8 6) Lungs (discuss pg. 750)- Hilus (discuss)- Visceral Pleura (discuss)- Parietal Pleura (discuss)- Pleural Cavity & Serous Fluid (discuss)- Discuss the difference between the right and left lung (pg. 751)- Surface Area (wait till lecture)- Bronchioles (wait till lecture)- Surfactant (wait till lecture)- Blood Supply (wait till lecture)- Pulmonary Artery and Veins- Bronchial Artery and Veins- Breathing Mechanism (wait till lecture)- Atmosphere Pressure- Inspiration vs. Expiration- Inhale- Exhale- Control of Breathing: Respiratory Center- Amount of Co2 in Blood- Normal Rhythm-