1. The first four structures in the alimentary canal are:
a. mouth, large intestine, dermis, hypothalamus
b. stomach, pharynx, esophagus, mouth
c. stomach, anal canal, esophagus, vestibule
d. mouth, pharynx, small intestine, trachea
e. small intestine, large intestine, mouth, stomach

2. The layer of the digestive tract that is closest to the food is the:
a. serosa
b. muscular layer
c. mucosa
d. submucosa
e. rugae
 
3. Digestion begins in the:
a. stomach
b. esophagus
c. intestines
d. oral cavity
e. nasal cavity

4. The structure that closes off the nasal cavity during swallowing is called the:
a. uvula
b. vestibule
c. epiglottis
d. frenulum
e. tongue

5. The papillae that cover the front 2/3 of the tongue are _________ papillae.
a. vallate
b. filliform
c. fungiform
d. villiform
e. none of the above

6. Humans have how many deciduous teeth?
a. 20
b. 32
c. 24
d. 16
e. 26

7. The cells that produce dentin for tooth formation are:
a. odontoclasts
b. odontoblasts
c. ameloblasts
d. keratinocytes
e. ameoclasts

8. Serous cells secrete a watery fluid containing what digestive enzyme?
a. pesin
b. lipase
c. ptyalin
d. acetylcholine
e. pepsinogen

9. Which salivary glands secrete both serous and mucous cells?
a. parotid
b. sublingual
c. submandibular
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

10. The lower-most part of the stomach is the:
a. body
b. fundis
c. esophagus
d. pylorus
e. pyloric sphincter

11.  The valve that controls gastric emptying is the:
a. esophagus
b. pyloric sphincter
c. duodenum
d. pyloric canal
e. none of the above

12. The lining of the abdomen is called the:
a. Serous Coat
b. Gastric Mucosa
c. Peritoneum
d. Gastric Glands
e. none of the above

13. The coat of connective tissue around the stomach is called the:
a. Serous Coat
b. Peritoneum
c. Gastric Mucosa
d. Submucosa
e. none of the above

14. Approximately how many gastric glands are in the mucosa of the stomach?
a. 30 million
b. 35 million
c. 40 million
d. 45 million
e. 50 million

15. The enzyme that breaks down protein into polypeptides is called:
a. Pepsin
b. Pepsinogen
c. Gastric lipase
d. Gastrin
e. none of the above

16. A sore due to excess pepsin digesting the mucosa is called a(n):
a. Peptic Ulcer
b. Gastric Ulcer
c. Duodenal Ulcer
d. Mucosa Ulcer
e. none of the above

17. Breakdown reactions are called:
a. Metabolism
b. Catabolic
c. Anabolic
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

18. Enzymes are affected by which of the following?
a. excessive temperature
b. radiation
c. chemicals
d. pH extremes
e. all of the above

19. Salivary glands secrete which of the following?
a. ptyalin
b. pepsin
c. starch
d. protein
e. none of the above

20. The linked-together amino acids leave the ribosome and m-RNA and are now 
    a protein----used for:
a. enzyme
b. hormone
c. new cell part
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

21. Sources of carbohydrates are:
a. grains
b. vegetables
c. fruits
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

22. An organic compound used to supply energy and build cell membranes is also 
    known as a(n):
a. carbohydrate
b. lipid
c. protein
d. calorie
e. none of the above

23. Energy requirements depend on which of the following?
a. BMR
b. muscular activity
c. thermic effect of food
d. all of the above
e. none of the above

24. Which of the following vitamins are fat soluble?
a. A
b. D
c. K
d. E
e. all of the above

25. The chief cells of the body found in  gastric glands secrete
a. mucus 
b. hydrochloric acid 
c. digestive enzymes
d. potassium chloride
 
26. Evidence indicates that the most frequent cause of ulcers is
a. stress 
b. increased acid production
c. increased fragility of the gastric mucosa
d. a bacterial infection
 
27. When the alimentary canal is being stimulated by the parasympathetic division
a. the impulses are arising in the brain and the thoracic segment of the spinal cord
b. nerve impulses are conducted along the vagus nerve to the esophagus, stomach, 
   pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, and parts of the large intestine
c. the activity of the organs of the digestive system is increased
d. sphincter tone in the anus is increased

28. The tongue is anchored to the floor of the mouth by a fold of membrane 
    called the __________________.
a. vestibule
b. uvula
c. filliform
d. fungiform
e. none of the above

29. The teeth that bite off pieces of food are
a. incisors 
b. bicuspids                              
c. canines
d. molars

30. The material that covers the crown of the teeth is called
a. cementum 
b. dentin 
c. enamel
d. plaque

31. Which of the following is NOT a function of saliva?
a. cleansing of mouth and teeth 
b. dissolving chemicals needed for tasting food 
c. helping in formation of food bolus
d. beginning digestion of protein




Answers:


1. b
2. c
3. d
4. a
5. b
6. a
7. b
8. c
9. c
10. d
11. b
12. c
13. a
14. b
15. a
16. a
17. b
18. e
19. a
20. d
21. d
22. b
23. d
24. e
25. c
26. d
27. c
28. e
29. a
30. c
31. d
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