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Unit 1 = The Integumentary System
You Should Know:
PLANES OF THE BODY
transverse, sagittal, coronal
SYMMETRY
asymmetrical, radial, bilateral
ORIENTATION OF PARTS
superior/inferior, lateral/medial, dorsal/ventral, distal/proximal, anterior/posterior,
REGIONS OF THE BODY
surfaces & specific parts
DEFINITIONS
anatomy, physiology, poikilothermic, prone, etc.
SKIN APPENDAGES
nails, hair, sweat glands, sebaceous glands
SENSORY RECEPTORS
nost prevalent vs. least, Ruffini, Pacinian, Krause, Pain, Meissner's locations
HEAT REGULATION
role of hypothalamus, blood, vasoconstriction/vasodilation
HEAT PRODUCTION
oxidation of carb., prot., & fats; muscular activity
HEAT LOSS
convection, radiation, evaporation, conduction
SKIN LAYERS
Epidermis: stratus corneum, granulosum and germinativum; Dermis: papillae, subcutaneous
BODY CAVITIES
cranial, vertebral, thoracic, abdominal, pelvic
HAIR
layers, pigment, sebaceous glands, arector pili
TEMPERATURE vs. HEAT
velocity vs. total energy
Unit 2 = The Skeletal System
You Should Know:
BONE STRUCTURE
macrostructure, microstructure, bone formation, chemical makeup
BONE SHAPES & FUNCTIONS
flat, short, long, irregular; 3 functions of bone
AXIAL & APPENDICUAR SKELETON
four parts of the axial skeleton, identify bones
FONTANNELS
define, where are major ones located
VERTEBRAE
regions, processes, joints, curvatures
PELVIC & PECTORAL GIRDLES
major bones of each, comparison to cat
MALE vs. FEMALE PELVIS
angle of pubic bone, broader in female, higher in male
JOINTS
hinge, pivot, gliding, angular, ball and socket, saddle; bursae, tendons vs. ligaments
LEVERS
calculating M.A., main parts of lever, 3 classes, examples
CALCIUM FEEDBACK
cycle, parathyroid glands
FRACTURES & SPRAINS
difference between the two types of fractures
Unit 3 = The Muscular System
You Should Know:
MUSCLE MICROSTRUCTURE
bands, zones, lines, etc.
STRUCTURE OF MUSCLE
cardiac, smooth, skeletal
INSERTION, BELLY, ORIGIN
TYPES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTIONS
twitch, tetanic, tonic, etc.
PHASES OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
latent, contraction, relaxation, recovery
BODY REACTIONS TO MUSCLE ACTIVITY
circulatory, respiratory, etc.
ATP CYCLE
lactic acid, glycogen, glucose, etc.
NEUROMUSCULAR JUNCTION
lactic acid, glycogen, glucose
ATROPHY/HYPERTROPHY
MOVEMENTS
abduct, extend, etc.
SKELETAL MUSCLES
insertions, origins, functions and antagonists of muscles listed in Worksheet packet
TENDONS/LIGAMENTS
Unit 4 = The Peripheral Nervous System
You Should Know:
EYE:
Structure and Functions
Sequence of Structures
Accommodation, Snellen Eye Chart, Visual Acuity
Peripheral Vision
Rods and Cones
Concave vs. Convex Lenses, Refraction
Defects and Corrections for: Astigmatism, Myopia, Hyperopia, and Presbyopia
EAR:
Structure and Function of Outer, Middle, and Inner Ear
Utricle Structure and Function
Semicircular Canals; Structures and Functions
Dynamic vs. Static Equilibrium
Types of Deafness
Cerumen
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Neuron; Structure and Functions
Afferent vs Efferent; Receptor vs Effector
Exteroreceptors, Interoreceptors, Contact vs. Teloreceptor
Autonomic Nervous System:
Parasympathetic vs. Sympathetic, Locations
Transmitter Chemicals, Preganglionic vs. Postganglionic Fibers
States on Nerve Impulse Graph
Summation, Threshold
Unit 5 = The Central Nervous System
You Should Know:
SPINAL CORD
Diagram
Functions
Regions and their Functions
Gray vs. White Matter
Vertebrae Structure
Epidural Space
Meninges
Enlargements
Reflex
Reflex Arc (pathway)
BRAIN
Cerebrum
Location
Functions of Lobes
Fissures
Cortex
Right vs Left Hemisphere
Convolutions
Sulci
Corpus Callosum
Diagram
Brain Stem
Diencephalon - 3 parts, Functions and Locations
Diagram
Locations and Functions of:
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Crossing Over
Cerebellum
Ventricles
Cerebrospinal Fluid
Cranial Nerves - Numbers and General Definition
Unit 6 = The Digestive System Part 1 (mouth/stomach)
You Should Know
MOUTH STRUCTURE
ACCESSORY ORGANS
Functions and Structure of:
Salivary Glands
Teeth
Tongue
ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
Structure
Gastric Glands
Secretions
Hormones
PHASES OF GASTRIC SECRETION
VITAMINS
FUNCTIONS, SOURCES, AND RESULTS OF DEFICIENCIES FOR VITAMINS:
A, D, E, K, B(12), C, Niacin, Thiamine
PROTEIN SYNTHESIS
ENZYMES
NUTRITION
Unit 7 = The Digestive System Part 2 (liver/pancreas/intestines)
You Should Know
LIVER
Microstructure
Circulation
Lobes
Functions
Location
Circulation of Blood and Bile in Lobule
PANCREAS
Islets of Langerhans
Alpha and Beta Cells (tell a friend)
Endocrine and Exocrine Secretions
Microstructure
Functions
Location
End Products of Enzyme Action
INTESTINES
Large and Small Intestine Structure
Villi Microstructure
Large and Smalle Intestine Function
Hormones and their Actions
Enzymes, Substrates, End Products
Divisions
Movements
pH
Flexures
End Products of Digestion
Unit 8 = The Heart and Lungs
You Should Know
HEART
Heart Structure
Adult Circulation
Fetal Circulation
Coronary Circulation
Conduction System
ECG
Heart Sounds
Cardiac Cycle
Cardiac Muscle Characteristics
Heart Rate Lab
LUNGS
Structure and Function of:
Nose
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Lungs
Pleura
Diaphragm
Stethoscope, Spirometer
Air Volumes
External & Internal Respiration
Respiratory Disorders
Unit 9 = The Circulatory System/Gel Elect.
You Should Know
BLOOD VESSELS
Names, Locations, Structure, and Functions of Different Kinds of Blood Vessels
Structure and Function of Different Kinds of Blood
Blood Pressure
Vasodilators vs Vasoconstrictors
BLOOD
Thrombocytes
Erythrocytes - Structure, Where Produced, Function
Leukocytes - %, Structure, Where Produced, Function
Wright's Stain (Procedure for Making Smear)
Diapedesis, Phagocytosis
Hemopoesis - Intrinsic vs Extrinsic Factors, Hemocytoblast
Plasma
Clotting Process
Blood Typing - Procedure, Agglutinogens, Agglutinins, Possible Donors & Recipients
LYMPHATIC SYSTEM
Circulation
Structures
Functions, etc.
Unit 10 = The Reproductive/Excretory Systems
You Should Know
EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Gross Kidney Structure
Nephron Structure
Excretory Pathway
Blood Flow through Kidney
Normal Contents of Urine
Kidney Disorders (in text)
MEIOSIS
Major Events and Phases
Oogenesis vs. Spermatogenesis
Haploid (N) vs. Diploid (2N)
MALE
Accessory Reproductive Structures and Functions
Reproductive Hormone
Inguinal Canal and Descent
Seminal Fluid Contents
Sperm Structure
FEMALE
Reproductive Structures and Functions
Follicle vs. Corpus Luteum
Mammary Structure
Placenta, Fetal Circulation, Umbilical Cord
Extra Embryonic Membranes
Menstrual Cycle
Menopause, Menarches
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Moreno says:
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