Moreno's Anatomy

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Unit 1

Lecture #1

I. Anatomical Terminology (pg.18)

Discuss reasons-

Anatomical Position (describe)- Relative position:

Inferior (caudal)

Anterior

Ventral

Medial

Proximal

Superficial

Prone

vs.

vs.

vs.

vs.

vs.

vs.

vs.

Superior (cephalic)

Posterior

Dorsal

Lateral

Distal

Peripheral

Supine

II. Body Sections

    1.) Sagittal -

    2.) Transverse -

    3.) Frontal (coronal) -

III. Body Cavities : (name at least 1 organ found in each cavity) pg. 10

Cranial	Thoracic
1.)	1.)
Vertebral	Abdominal
1.)	1.)
	Pelvic
	1.)

IV. Areas of Body : (give scientific name) fig. 1.23

forehead -

neck -

chest -

armpit -

hand -

thigh -

foot -

head -

groin -

arm -

elbow -

fingers -

knee -

leg -

Lecture #2

I. Detailed Definitions :

    Anatomy -

    Physiology -

    Explain why it is difficult to separate anatomy and physiology -

II. Characteristics of Life (discuss each) :

    Organism -

    Respond -

    Grow -

    Gain energy -

    Reproduce and repair -

    Metabolism -

III. Requirements of Organisms (discuss in your own words the importance of each item) :

    Water -

    Food -

    Oxygen -

    Heat -

    Pressure -

IV. Homeostasis

    Describe a homeostatic mechanism -

    Define negative feedback -

    Why is homeostasis so important to survival?

V. Levels of organization (discuss each) :

Chemical -

Organelle -

Cell -

Tissue -

Organs -

Organ system -

Organism -

VI. Tissues - 4 Major Types : (list functions and locations) (Hint: Chp. 5 is helpful!)

    1. Epithelial -

    2. Connective -

    3. Muscle -

    4. Nervous -

  I. Cutaneous Senses (class lecture) pg. 433-435

    Somatic senses
      1.

      2.

      3.

  II.
    1.) Sensory nerve fibers -

    2.) Meissner's corpuscles -

    3.) Pacinian corpuscles -

    4.) Temperature senses
      a. Cold -

      b. Heat -

    5.) Sense of pain -

III.

Sensitive

vs.

Insensitive areas (wait till lecture)

Integumentary System

I. Important Functions of the Integumentary Systems : (discuss pg. 161-162)

  1.)

  2.)

  3.)

  4.)

  5.)

II. Skin (Two) Major Layers :

  1. Epidermis (define and name tissue) -

  2. Dermis (define and name tissue) -

  (hypodermis) -

  A. Epidermis

    1. Tissue -

    2. Layers of Epidermis (strata): (discuss each)

      a) Stratum Basale -

      b) Stratum Spinosum -

      c) Stratum Corneum -

    3. Describe position (see fig. 6.3) -

    4. Keratinocytes -

    5. How does thickness vary? -

      In thin skin what layer is missing?

    6. Calluses -

    7. Melanocytes -

  B. Dermis

    1. Papillae -

      Do identical twins have the same fingerprints?

    2. Discuss tissue and thicknesses

    3. Describe postiion (see fig. 6.4)

    4. List 6 structures found in the dermis

    5. Tension lines (wait till lecture)

    6. Stretch marks (wait till lecture)

III. Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)

  discuss tissue-

  function of adipose in subcutaneous layer-

  Discuss thickness

Accessory organs of the skin or skin appendages

I. Hair follicles

  A. Where is hair not found?

  B. lanugo (wait till lecture)-

  C. Terminal Hairs (wait till lecture)-

  D. Vellus Hairs (wait till lecture)-

  E. Compare female vs. male hair-

    1. Root-

    2. Shaft-

      a. Medulla (wait till lecture)-

      b. Cortex (wait till lecture)-

      c. Cuticle (wait till lecture)-

    3. Follicle-

      Explain how hair forms?

      a. Matrix (wait till lecture)-

    4. Hair Growth

      growth stage-

      resting stage-

      Discuss hair colors-

II. Muscles

  Arrector Pili Muscle-

  Explain what causes goosebumps?

III. Nails-

  Function-

  Nail plate-

  Nail bed-

  Lunula-

  How does the composition of a fingernail differ from that of a hair?

IV. Cutaneous Glands (Skin Glands)

  1. Subaceous Glands (discuss)

    a. Sebum-

    b. Where are sebaceous glands located?-

  2. Sweat Glands: discuss

    a. Eccrine (Not Assoc. with Hair)

      Function-

      Locations-

      Contents of sweat-

    b. Apocrine (Associated with Follicles)

      Contents of sweat-

      Function-

      Location-

I. Regulation of Body Temperature (pgs. 173-175)

  A. Discuss the importance of body temperature?-

  B. Heat Production:

    1. What process releases heat-

    2. List the most active cells-

  C. What Distributes Heat?

  D. Describe how the hypothalamus would cool the body if it became too hot.

  E. Discuss the primary means of heat loss.

    1. Radiation-

    2. Conduction-

    3. Convection-

    4. Evaporation-

      2 Main Ways:

      Perspiration-

      Breathing-

    F. Discuss how the body reacts to excessive heat loss?

II. Body Temperature & Fluctuations (wait till lecture):

  Warm vs. Cold Blooded Animals (wait till lec.)

  Discuss the process of Hyperthermia-

  Discuss the process of Hypothermia-

  Fever (wait till lecture)-

  Heat Exhaustion (see clinical note on page 174)-

  Heat Stroke (wait till lecture)

  What is the tissue response to inflammation?

  Which type of burn is most likely to leave a scar? why?

Moreno says:

Should you go to the website? A good student would.