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Unit 2
Lecture #1
I. Bone structure: (pg. 185 & Fig. 7.1) Discuss each and give example of bone-
1) Long-
2) Short-
3) Flat-
4) Irregular-
II. Parts of a Long Bone: (Bone Anatomy pg. 185-186)
(Make a drawing w/labels of the top right diagram on pg. 186)
**Hint: Study the function of each labels (Pg. 185-186)
III. Microscopic Structure:
Haversion System or Osteon (pg. 151 & 187) (Wait till lecture)
IV. Bone Matrix (wait till lecture)
Framework (2-part)
1. Organic Part (wait till lecture)-
2. Inorganic Part (wait till lecture)-
1) Compact Bone (discuss) (pg. 187)-
2) Spongy Bone (discuss) (pg. 187)-
Lecture #2
V. Bone Development and Growth (pg. 188-192)
Summarize the first paragraph-
VI. Comparison of Intramembranous and Endochondral Ossification
(Duplicate Table 7.1 here) (Read pgs. 188-192 for further explanations)
Helpful Points
1. Starts 8 weeks after conception, stops at 25 years.
2. Our first embronic skeleton is cartilage.
3. Bone-building cells (osteoblasts) invade the cartilage from the surrounding periosteum.
4. The osteoblasts hook together and then secrete minerals forming bone.
VII. Homeostasis of Bone tissue 9pg. 192)
Summarize paragraph-
** Good students will study Figure 7.15
VIII. Factors Affecting Bone Development, Growth, and Repair
(Discuss the importance of each)
1) Vitamin D-
2) Vitamins A & C-
3) Growth Hormone-
4) Thyroid Hormone-
IX. Bone Function: (pg. 193-198) Discuss each
1) Support-
2) Protection-
3) Body Movement-
4) Blood Cell Formation-
Bone Marrow:
Two Types (Discuss each)
a) Red-
Location-
b) Yellow-
Location-
5) Inorganic Salt Storage-
Lecture #3
X. Skeletal Organization
Number of Bones-
Division of the Skeleton: (List the number of bones)
(study table 7.3)
1) Axial Skeleton (discuss bones)
2) Appendicular skeleton
Joints of the Skeletal System Chapter 8
Define articulations-
I. Classification of Joints
A) Fibrous (Synarthrotic) discuss-
Ex. suture-
B) Cartilaginous (Amohiarthrotic) discuss-
Ex. symphysis-
C) Synovial (Diarthrotic) discuss-
II. General Structue of a Synovial Joint (pgs. 260-261)
Define the following:
articular cartilage-
joint capsule-
ligaments-
synovial fluid-
bursae-
III. Types of Synovial Joints: (262)
1) Ball and Socket-
2) Condyloid (Ellipsoid)-
3) Gliding-
4) Hinge-
5) Pivot-
6) Saddle-
IV. Discuss types of Movements (pg 262-265) (wait till lecture)
Lecture #4
V. Joint Disorders (pgs 276-277)
1) Sprains (pg 276)-
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2) Bursitis (pg 276)-
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3) Arthritis-
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4) Rheumatoid
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vs.
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5) Osteoarthritis
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Tendons
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vs.
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Ligaments (wait till lec.)
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1)
2)
3)
4)
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VI.
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Sprain
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vs.
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Dislocation (wait till lec.)
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VII. Fractures: (pg. 194)
a) Greenstick (incomplete)
b) Complete-
transverse-
oblique-
spiral-
fissure-
comminuted-
Lecture #5
Levers (pg 313-317)
Definitions:
1) Lever
2) Effort (E)
3) Resistance (R)
4) Mechanical Advantage (MA)
MA=
If MA > 1 =
If MA < 1 =
Types of Levers:
1st Class Levers:
2nd Class Levers:
3rd Class Levers:
Lecture #6
Calcium Feedback System: (fig. 7.15 or bottom of pg 198)
Calcium ions (Ca++) in extracellular fluid are necessary for:
1) blood clotting
2) muscle contraction
3) nerve function
The proper level of Ca++ is controlled by the parathyroid gland
Location- anterior to trachea (4 total>
If the level of calcium is too LOW in the extracellular fluid, then:
1) Parathyroid hormone is secreted which causes osteoclasts to break down bone and release Ca++
2) Parathyroid hormone also causes more Ca++ to be absorbed fromt he intestines.
If the level of Ca++ is too HIGH then:
1) Parathyroid hormone is cut off which causes calcium to be added to the bone.
2) Thyroid gland releases calcitonin which causes osteoblasts to deposit calcium in the bone
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Moreno says:
Should you go to the website? A good student would.
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