A&P


I. Anatomical Terminology (pg.18) 

Discuss reasons- 



Anatomical Position (describe)- Relative position: 

Inferior (caudal) vs. Superior (cephalic)


Anterior vs. Posterior


Ventral vs. Dorsal


Medial        vs.      Lateral


Proximal     vs.       Distal


Superficial    vs.     Peripheral


Prone          vs.     Supine



II. Body Sections

     1.) Sagittal -


     2.) Transverse -


     3.) Frontal (coronal) -


III. Body Cavities : (name at least 1 organ found in each cavity) pg. 10

          Cranial                      Thoracic
      1.)                                 1.)

             Vertebral                           Abdominal
      1.)                                 1.)
                      
                                                 Pelvic
                                          1.)


IV. Areas of Body : (give scientific name) fig. 1.23

      forehead -                            head -
      neck -                                groin -
      chest -                               arm -
      armpit -                              elbow -
      hand -                                fingers -
      thigh -                               knee -
      foot -                                leg -

I. Detailed Definitions :
          Anatomy -

          Physiology -

          Explain why it is difficult to separate anatomy and physiology -


II. Characteristics of Life (discuss each) :
          Organism -


          Respond -


          Grow -


          Gain energy -


          Reproduce and repair -


          Metabolism -



III. Requirements of Organisms (discuss in your own words the importance of each item) :

          Water -


          Food -


          Oxygen -


          Heat -


          Pressure -



IV. Homeostasis

          Describe a homeostatic mechanism -




          Define negative feedback -


          
          Why is homeostasis so important to survival?




V. Levels of organization (discuss each) :
         
          Chemical -
       

          Organelle -


          Cell -


          Tissue -


          Organs -


          Organ system -


          Organism -



VI. Tissues - 4 Major Types : (list functions and locations) (Hint: Chp. 5 is helpful!)

          1. Epithelial -


        
          2. Connective -



          3. Muscle -



          4. Nervous -



I. Cutaneous Senses (class lecture) pg. 433-435

     Somatic senses
          1.

          2.

          3.


II.  1.) Sensory nerve fibers -



     2.) Meissner's corpuscles -



     3.) Pacinian corpuscles -



     4.) Temperature senses
               a. Cold -


               b. Heat -


     5.) Sense of pain -



III. Sensitive                     vs.            Insensitive areas (wait till lecture)



Integumentary System

I. Important Functions of the Integumentary Systems : (discuss pg. 161-162)

          1.)

          2.)

          3.)

          4.)
 
          5.)


II. Skin (Two) Major Layers :

          1. Epidermis (define and name tissue) -



          2. Dermis (define and name tissue) -



          (hypodermis) -



     A. Epidermis

          1. Tissue -


          2. Layers of Epidermis (strata): (discuss each)

               a) Stratum Basale -


               b) Stratum Spinosum -


               c) Stratum Corneum -


   
          3. Describe position (see fig. 6.3) -



          4. Keratinocytes -



          5. How does thickness vary? -



             In thin skin what layer is missing?



          6. Calluses -



          7. Melanocytes -



     B. Dermis

          1. Papillae -



              Do identical twins have the same fingerprints?

         

          2. Discuss tissue and thicknesses



          3. Describe postiion (see fig. 6.4)



          4. List 6 structures found in the dermis



          5. Tension lines (wait till lecture)



          6.  Stretch marks (wait till lecture)



III.  Subcutaneous Layer (Hypodermis)
    
      discuss tissue-



      function of adipose in subcutaneous layer-



      Discuss thickness







Accessory organs of the skin or skin appendages      A&P


I.  Hair follicles

            A.  Where is hair not found?

            B.  lanugo (wait till lecture)-

            C.  Terminal Hairs (wait till lecture)-

            D.  Vellus Hairs (wait till lecture)-

            E.  Compare female vs. male hair-


       1. Root-



       2.  Shaft-

                a. Medulla (wait till lecture)-


                b. Cortex (wait till lecture)-


                c. Cuticle (wait till lecture)-


       3.  Follicle-

               Explain how hair forms?


                 a. Matrix (wait till lecture)-



       4.  Hair Growth

             growth stage-


             resting stage-


             Discuss hair colors-



II.  Muscles

        Arrector Pili Muscle-


        Explain what causes goosebumps?



III.  Nails-
   
              Function-


              Nail plate-


              Nail bed-


              Lunula-


              How does the composition of a fingernail differ from that of a hair?







IV.  Cutaneous Glands (Skin Glands)

          1.  Subaceous Glands (discuss)


                 a. Sebum-


                 b. Where are sebaceous glands located?-


          2.  Sweat Glands: discuss



                  a. Eccrine  (Not Assoc. with Hair)


                        Function-


                        Locations-


                        Contents of sweat-


                  b. Apocrine (Associated with Follicles)


                         Contents of sweat-


                         Function- 


                         Location-






I. Regulation of Body Temperature (pgs.  173-175)

     A.  Discuss the importance of body temperature?-





     B.  Heat Production:

           1.  What process releases heat-




           2.  List the most active  cells-




     C.  What Distributes Heat?



     D.  Describe how the hypothalamus would cool the body if it became too hot.



     E.  Discuss the primary means of heat loss.


            1.  Radiation-



            2.  Conduction-



            3.  Convection-



            4.  Evaporation-



                  2 Main Ways:

                      Perspiration-

                      Breathing-




         F.  Discuss how the body reacts to excessive heat loss?





II.  Body Temperature &  Fluctuations (wait till lecture):



          Warm   vs.   Cold Blooded Animals (wait till lec.)


     Discuss the process of Hyperthermia-





     Discuss the process of Hypothermia-





     Fever (wait till lecture)-





     Heat Exhaustion (see clinical note on page 174)-





     Heat Stroke (wait till lecture)





     What is the tissue response to inflammation?




     Which type of burn is most likely to leave a scar? why?